Guide to Selected Historical Locations

The following list is presented in alphabetical order and will be updated as translations of Tabihikitsuke are added to the project. The foundations of this list were expanded and given more detail by Dr. Karen Gerhart and Dr. Nadia Kanagawa.

The recent Izumi-sano city history is a critical source of information for reading Tabihikitsuke and is referenced in most of the entries below. We use the abbreviation ISS for the relevant volume, which is: Izumi sano-shi shi hensan i'in-kai, Shinshū izumi sano-shi shi dai 5-kan shiryō-hen chūsei III, (Sano: Sano-shi, 2001)

Chōfukuji 長福寺

A Buddhist temple located in Ōgi hamlet, Iriyamada village. The temple was located on the East Side of Hine Estate, and was a focus of Masamoto's control of the estate along with Muhenkōin 無邊光院・無辺光院 and the West Side of Hine Estate. The present day location is thought to be to the south east of Enmanji 円満寺.
The temple was Masamoto's residence during the roughly four years recorded in Tabihikitsuke.
It was a focal point not only of Hineno and Iriyamada villages, but also of Kii and Izumi provinces. The location of the buildings in the complex are not clear, but there seems to have been a southern garden and a hall in the western part of the complex.
Rites like the Sagichō 三毬打 were conducted there, and Iriyamada villagers came there to do the Furyū dance (風流踊). The temple had a deep well, so in times when other wells in the village struggled, residents would turn to the temple for help.
The temple name last appears in local records in 1611 and is not mentioned in a temple and shrine registry produced in 1691, revealing that it was destroyed or dismantled sometime during that period.

Relevant entries:
[1501.4.1]
[1501.4.9]

Reference:
ISS 補注 p. 472

Enmanji 円満寺

A temple located in Ōgi hamlet of Iriyamada Village.
In 1503, there was a response reading of the Essence of the Prajñāpāramitā Sutra (hannya shingyō 般若心経) at Enmanji and hundreds of villagers from Iriyamada attended Buddhist services and performed song and dance called kuse mai (曲舞).

Relevant entries:
[1501.5.9]

References:
ISS 補注 p. 487
Izumisano City Official Website

Funabuchi 船淵

Hine Estate 日根庄

Also occasionally appears in later documents as Hineno Estate (日根野庄, ひねののしょう), a title that Kujō Masamoto himself used. At the time of the diary, the estate consisted of the two villages of Hineno and Iriyamada.
A landed estate (shōen 荘園) located in Izumi Province (present day Izumisano City), established in the Kamakura period.
Hine Estate was held by the Kujō family from the Kamakura period (1234) and was originally made up of four villages (Iriyamada, Hineno, Ibara, and Tsuruhara) but Ibara and Tsuruhara were seized by Hosokawa military governors in the Muromachi period.
The estate was the residence of Kujō Masamoto for four years from 1501. His diary, Tabihikitsuke, documents his time there and includes many valuable records for the estate. Hineno Village consisted of two administrative units at this time: East Side (Higashikata 東方) and West Side (Nishikata 西方). Sometime prior to 1479, the income of the western section and half of Iriyamada had been granted to Tomi no Kōji Toshimichi (富小路俊通, ?—1513), a house official of the Kujō family, but Masamoto managed all sections while he was in residence.
The precise name of the estate and its territory are somewhat confusing in Tabihikitsuke. Masamoto clearly understands Hineno and Iriyamada Villages to be "villages" within Hine Estate, but also occasionally refers to Hineno and Iriyamada as two separate estates (ryōshō 両荘). There are other instances in which we find references to Iriyamada Estate in the diary and elsewhere (ex. an inscription at Hibashiri Shrine 火走神社).

Relevant entries:
[1501 undated]
[1501.3.30]
[1501.4.1]
[1501.4.5]
[1501.4.6]
[1501.4.9]
[1501.4.10]
[1501.4.12]
[1501.4.13]
[1501.4.14]
[1501.4.16]
[1501.5.3]
[1501.5.8]
[1501.5.16]
[1501.6.10]
[1501.6.11]
[1501.6.12]
[1501.6.14]

References:
ISS 補注 p. 465-66; 469–470; 721
Kokushi daijiten 国史大辞典「日根庄」

Mount Inunaki 犬鳴山

see Shippōryūji 七宝瀧寺 and Funabuchi 船淵

Iriyamada village 入山田村

One of four villages on the Hine Estate 日根荘, Hine district 日根郡, of Izumi province 和泉国. The name "Iriyamada" first appears in records of the Kamakura period.
Iriyamada Village was comprised of four smaller hamlets – Ōgi 大木, Shōbu 昌[菖]蒲, Tsuchimaru 土丸, and Funabuchi 船淵.

Mount Inunaki 犬鳴山, Shippō Falls 七寶瀧, and a temple, Shippōryūji 七寶瀧寺, are located in the Funabuchi area in the southern part of Iriyamada Village.

Relevant entries:
[1501 undated]
[1501.3.30]
[1501.4.1]
[1501.4.2]
[1501.4.5]
[1501.4.9]
[1501.4.10]
[1501.4.16]
[1501.5.2]
[1501.5.16]
[1501.5.20]
[1501.6.10]

References:
ISS 補注 p. 465-66

Izumi 和泉国

see also Senshū 泉州

A regional name for Izumi Province, which corresponds to present-day southwestern Osaka Prefecture.
Locals wrote of the "northern" and "southern" sections of the province. Hine Estate was in the southern section. However, the two Izumi military governors (shugo 守護) appointed by the Muromachi shogunate held jurisdiction jointly over the whole province.

Relevant entries:
[1501 undated]
[1501.3.29]
[1501.5.8]
[1501.5.19]

Kawachi Road 河内路

Ancient road connecting Yamashiro (Kyoto), Kawachi, Sakai, and Kōya-san in Wakayama.
In 1501, there were seventeen checkpoints and crossings between Kyoto and Sakai.

Relevant entries:
[1501.3.28]

References:
ISS 補注 p. 467

Muhenkōin 無邊光院・無辺光院

Important Buddhist temple on the Hine Estate, no longer extant.
In the early medieval period, the center of administration of Hine Estate is thought to have moved from Zenkōji 禅興寺 to Muhenkōin.
On the Map of Hineno Village on Hine Estate 日根荘日根野村荒野絵図 of 1316, Muhenkōin appears as a large complex with both cultivated fields and uncultivated lands in the temple grounds.
From the Kamakura to the Muromachi period, it was the lineage temple of the Daigō Genji family 醍醐源氏, ancestors of the Shinanokōji, who were officials to the Kujō family. The Daigo Genji had rights to the income from the land.
In the Muromachi period, rights to control and to make appointments and issue dismissals passed to the Kujō family, and the temple came to serve as the administrative center for Hineno Village, East Side.
However, Negoroji acquired rights to Muhenkōin additional rent (kajishi 加地子) associated with monks' salaries. Then in the 10th month of 1502, the military governors' soldiers confiscated that rent. Muhenkōin ceased to exist in the early modern period.

Relevant entries:
[1501.3.29]
[1501.4.7]
[1501.4.10]
[1501.4.26]
[1501.6.10]

Reference:
ISS 補注 p. 469

Nagataki Estate 長瀧庄

A separate small estate, located on the west side of Hineno Village (today, Nagataki in Izumisanō City), that was originally controlled by generations of the five Fujiwara regent houses (Sekkanke 摂関家) .
In the Kamakura period, at the time Hine Estate was created, the Kujō family seized it and thereafter the estate's allotted income (tokubun 得分) was donated to Kyoto's Manjūji (万寿寺) and other temples. When the Hine Estate was established, Nagata Estate was excluded from its territory.

Relevant entries:
[1501.6.10]

Reference:
ISS 補注 p. 487
Nihon rekishi chimei taikei 日本歴史地名大系「長瀧庄」

Negoroji 根来寺

A Shingon Buddhist temple located in Naga district of Kii Province (present day Wakayama prefecture, Iwade city)
Originally established by the monk Kakuban, who was a Shingon leader at Mount Kōya. Kakuban received the land from Retired Emperor Toba, and moved there when he left Mount Kōya during a conflict. The temple was expanded and became Daidenbō-in 大伝法院 in 1132. After Kakuban's death, many of the followers of Daidenbō-in returned to Mount Kōya, but the conflict continued intermittently. In 1288, at the end of the Kamakura period, Daidenbō-in was relocated to Negoro and this was the point at which it properly became Negoroji
During the Nanbokuchō period, Negoroji quickly came out in support of the Northern side and received the protection of the Muromachi bakufu. It also became a branch temple of Daigōji 醍醐寺.
In the late 15th–16th century, many sub temples were created by local power holders. The religious organization of Negoroji was similar to that of Mount Kōya, with many monks-in-training and practitioners. Most of the new buildings were created by locally powerful practitioners. The number of practitioners increased dramatically during the Warring States period and the temple became known for its warrior monks, the Negoro-shū 根来衆.
Eventually, Hine Estate would come to be controlled by Negoroji.

Relevant entries:
[1501 undated]
[1501.5.19]
[1501.5.20]

Reference:
ISS 補注 p. 461-62
Kokushi daijiten 国史大辞典「根来寺」

Ōgi 大木

see also Iriyamada Village 入山田村

One of four small hamlets of Iriyamada Village.
Mount Inunaki 犬鳴山, Shippō Falls 七寶瀧, and Shippōryūji 七寶瀧寺 are located nearby.

Relevant entries:
[1501.4.1]
[1501.5.2]

Reference:
ISS 補注 p. 477–478

Ōizeki Shrine 大井関社

A significant shrine on Hine Estate located on the right bank of the Kashii River 樫井川 on the eastern side of Hineno Village (now Izumisano City).
A shikinaisha 式内社, a shrine listed in the "register of deities" in the Procedures of the Engi Era (Engishiki 延喜式) of 927.
It was known as Ōizeki Daimyōjin in the medieval period, and was the fourth (or fifth) of the five Izumi shrines, and was a shrine where one prayed for water (for irrigation, etc.)
On the Map of Hineno Village on Hine Estate 日根荘日根野村荒野絵図 of 1316, Ōizeki appears next to Mizoguchi Daimyōjin 溝口大明神.
According to Tabihikitsuke, on the fifteenth day of the eighth month of each year, the five Izumi shrines had a great festival called the "Five Shrines Festival." Every year on the second day of the fourth month, there was a presentation of sarugaku, 100 horses would be borrowed from Negoroji and the military governors, and the cultivators (百姓, ひゃくしょう) of Iriyamada would perform ritual archery.
One of the shrine's associated temples, Kaitaiin 戒躰院, collected the annual land tax (nengu 年貢) and conducted the "first auspicious calligraphy" of the year (kissho 吉書), holding a key place in the administration of Hineno Village.
The shrine appears in a variety of illustrations and documents, and thus much of its shape can be reconstructed:
- 1355 Izumi Ōizeki Written Prayer for Repairs 泉州大井関神修造願文
- 1742 Hine Shrine History 日根社由来書
- 1683 Map of Hine Village Kamino Hamlet Murakawaron 日根野村上之郷村川論絵図
According to these sources, there was a temple (lit. halls and stupas, dōtō 堂塔), bell tower, and sutra repository nearby, and Myōōji 明王寺 and Tōhōji 東方寺 were nearby, with a number of sub-temples lining the river banks as well.
There were as many as 12 shrine families (shakke 社家) associated with the shrine.

Relevant entries:
[1501.4.1]

Reference:
ISS 補注 p. 471–472

Rengeji 蓮華寺

Former Buddhist temple located in Iriyamada Village.
There were two Rengeji temples in Iriyamada Village: Tsuchimaru 土丸 and Kamiōgi 上大木.
Kamiōgi Rengeji is mentioned in Kujō family documents 九条家文書 dating to 1417 under the heading of Funabuchi 舟淵村. Stone structures, including a stone Buddha (ishibotoke 石仏) and five-storied stone pagoda (ikkokugorintō 一石五輪塔), still remain.
Tsuchimaru Rengeji is mentioned in entry Bunki 1 {1501}.4.3 as providing Masamoto with a cask of sake.

Relevant entries:
[1501.3.30]
[1501.4.3]

Reference:
Izumisano City Official Website

Sakai 堺

Originally centered on a market of the Sekiguchi Shrine 関口神社, a sub-shrine of Sumiyoshi Shrine. A medieval city that straddled northern Sakai Estate 堺北荘 in Sumiyoshi district of Settsu province and southern Sakai Estate 堺南荘 Ōtori district of Izumi province. During the Northern and Southern Courts period, city blocks (gaiku 街区) developed.
The first appearance of Sakai as a self-governing city was in 1468, and it is understood that this was based on a gathering of Sakai residents. The merchant coalition (egōshū 会合衆) was centered on Sumiyoshi Shrine's Sekiguchi estate office, with various groups from both the northern and southern estate working together to settle interests. These groups then developed into self-governing organizations. Sakai's self-government was protected by the Muromachi Bakufu from around the middle of the 15th century.
From the Muromachi period, the military governors of Izumi had their offices located in Sakai, and it came to focus as a governing city, though from 1399 on, it was normal for the military governors to actually be living in Kyoto and almost never actually in Sakai.

Relevant entries:
[1501.3.29]
[1501.4.2]
[1501.4.3]
[1501.4.4]
[1501.4.6]
[1501.4.9]
[1501.5.3]
[1501.5.8]
[1501.6.10]

Reference:
ISS 補注 p. 468–469

Sano 佐野

Sano was the location of the military governor's outpost near the West Side of Hine Estate.

Relevant entries:
[1501. 5.3]

Sano market 佐野市

A market town that developed during the Warring States period.
Located near present day Izumisano station.
On the Kamakura-era Map of Hineno Village on Hine Estate 日根荘日根野村荒野絵図 of 1316, it is thought that the area marked "lodging and rural residences" (人宿本在家) was likely the precursor to the market. Close to this spot, the place name "market block" (ichibachō 市場町) remains.
After the Ōnin War, the Taga 多賀 family, who were retainers of the military governor, took control of Sano (including Sano Estate and Sanoihara Estate) as well as the labor and ship repairs (for ships that drifted ashore).
At the beginning of the 16th century, the market was held six times monthly, on days of "2s" and "7s" (2nd, 7th, 12th, 17th, 22nd, 27th). It was also a place that crowds would gather to watch puppet performances.
Sano was referred to as a "large village" (大郷), and was largely autonomous. There were rice dealers, charcoal dealers, and mochi sellers as well as carpenters.
A Sanjōnishi Sanetaka 三条西実隆 song (eika 詠歌) from 1524 mentions the market people of Sano in Izumi.
The Taga family had their offices in Sano, which was a focal point for the military governors as well. Masamoto records it as an outpost of the military governors. As a result, Sano was periodically burnt down in attacks by Negoroji or rebels such as Satō Sōbee 佐藤 (Hisanobu 久信).
Residents of Hine Estate often went to Sano to trade, which gave birth to an incident in which the military governors' retainers arrested a resident.
Archaeological excavations in the area have revealed that this was a settlement in which both artisans and shopkeepers lived. The exact location of the market at this time has not been determined, though the later early modern market town is thought to have been on the north side of Izumisano station.

Relevant entries:
[1501.4.12]

Reference:
ISS 補注 p. 474–475

Senshū 泉州

Shingūsha 新宮社

Shingū Shrine was founded by the Kujō family at the end of the Heian period and dedicated to Hayatama no Mikoto 速玉男命, the deity of the Kumano Hayatama Shrine. It was originally located at Higashikujō Iwamotochō 東九条岩本町, but was moved in the Meiji period.

Relevant entries:
[1501.3.28]

Reference:
Kyoto daijiten 京都大事典, vol. 3, p. 518. [accessed at https://crd.ndl.go.jp/reference/entry/index.php?id=1000338492&page=ref_view]

Shippōryūji on Mount Inunaki 犬鳴山七宝瀧寺

Located on Mount on Inunaki in the Funabuchi hamlet of Iriyamada Village
Shippōryū (Seven Dragons Falls), also located near the mountain, gives its name to the temple.
It is one of the stops on the Katsuragi circuit and is said to be a place where En no Gyōja 役行者 practiced, but it is unclear when the temple was built.
During the time that Masamoto was in Hine Estate, he borrowed and copied the "Origin Narrative of Shippōryūji" 七宝瀧寺縁起 which relates the history of the temple. According to this document, Fudō Myōō appeared to En no Gyōja at the top of the waterfall, moving him to tears of joy. He cleared land on the mountain top and built a small hut, had an image of Fudō carved and installed it within.

Relevant entries:
[1501.4.14]
[1501.6.14]

Reference:
ISS 補注 p. 475

Shōbu 昌［菖］蒲

see also Iriyamada Village 入山田村

One of four small hamlets of Iriyamada Village.

Relevant entries:
[1501.5.2]

Sumiyoshi Station 住吉宿

One of the checkpoints where Masamoto and his entourage stopped along the Kawachi roadway when traveling from Kyoto to Izumi.
Located at the very southern tip of Settsu (Sumiyoshi ward of current-day Osaka) and north of the city of Sakai.
Location of the famous Sumiyoshi Taisha, which enshrines gods of navigation.

Relevant entries:
[1501.3.28]
[1501.3.29]

Tsuchimaru 土丸

see also Iriyamada Village 入山田村

One of four small hamlets of Iriyamada Village.
Rengeji was located in Tuschimaru.

Relevant entries:
[1501.4.3]
[1501.5.2]